What condition is characterized by increased secretion of PTH?

Hyperparathyroidism is characterized by an increased secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This condition typically arises from an overactivity of one or more of the parathyroid glands, which results in elevated levels of calcium in the blood (hypercalcemia). The parathyroid hormone plays a crucial role in regulating calcium levels, and its elevation leads to various symptoms, including bone pain, kidney stones, fatigue, and changes in mood.

In hyperparathyroidism, the excess PTH can cause increased bone resorption, leading to weakened bones and an increased risk of fractures. It can also affect kidney function and lead to the formation of calcium stones. Understanding this condition is vital for recognizing the signs and symptoms and managing the associated health risks.

The other conditions listed do not involve increased PTH secretion. For instance, hypoparathyroidism involves decreased PTH levels, diabetes mellitus is related to insulin regulation rather than PTH, and goiter is primarily linked to thyroid hormone production, not PTH levels. This delineation helps clarify the specificity of hyperparathyroidism regarding PTH secretion.