What does the term "insulin sensitivity" refer to?

The term "insulin sensitivity" specifically refers to how effectively the body's cells respond to insulin. Insulin sensitivity is a critical factor in maintaining normal glucose metabolism. When cells are sensitive to insulin, they efficiently take up glucose from the bloodstream for energy, which helps keep blood sugar levels regulated.

In conditions of decreased insulin sensitivity, often seen in type 2 diabetes, cells do not respond adequately to insulin, leaving too much glucose circulating in the blood. This can lead to higher blood sugar levels and potential complications related to diabetes over time.

While the amount of insulin produced by the pancreas, the glucose concentration in the bloodstream, and overall body fat percentage can all play roles in metabolic health and diabetes management, they do not define insulin sensitivity itself. Insulin sensitivity specifically focuses on the responsiveness of cells to insulin, making it a central concept in understanding various metabolic disorders, especially diabetes.