What is the main function of the adrenal cortex?

The adrenal cortex primarily functions to produce mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, which are essential hormones for various physiological processes. Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, are crucial for regulating electrolyte and fluid balance, particularly sodium and potassium levels, which in turn influence blood pressure and blood volume. Glucocorticoids, such as cortisol, play a vital role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, as well as in the body's response to stress and inflammation.

This multifaceted role of the adrenal cortex makes it integral to maintaining homeostasis within the body, influencing not just metabolism but also immune function and the body's resilience to stressors. Thus, understanding the production of these hormones is key to appreciating how they contribute to overall health and hormonal balance.