What is the primary cause of diabetic neuropathy?

Diabetic neuropathy is primarily caused by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels. Chronic hyperglycemia results in the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose through the action of the enzyme aldose reductase, which leads to osmotic and oxidative stress in nerve tissues. This metabolic disturbance causes damage to peripheral nerves, leading to symptoms such as pain, tingling, and numbness in the extremities.

Maintaining adequate blood glucose control is crucial in preventing or delaying the onset of diabetic neuropathy, highlighting the importance of effective diabetes management strategies. While factors like genetic predisposition, obesity, and lack of exercise may contribute to the overall risk and development of diabetes, they are not the primary cause of diabetic neuropathy itself, which is directly linked to persistent elevation of glucose levels.