What laboratory test is essential for monitoring parathyroid function?

The essential laboratory test for monitoring parathyroid function is parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands and plays a critical role in regulating calcium levels in the blood. It increases calcium absorption in the intestines, reabsorption in the kidneys, and mobilizes calcium from bone storage, all of which are vital for maintaining calcium homeostasis.

Monitoring PTH allows healthcare providers to evaluate the function of the parathyroid glands and assess conditions such as hyperparathyroidism or hypoparathyroidism. Abnormal levels of PTH can indicate issues related to parathyroid gland activity and help guide treatment decisions.

While blood glucose, hemoglobin, and thyroid hormones can provide valuable information about overall health and other endocrine functions, they do not specifically reflect parathyroid activity. Thus, PTH is the most relevant test for monitoring parathyroid function directly.