Which condition is associated with excessive production of cortisol?

Cushing's Syndrome is associated with excessive production of cortisol, which is a hormone produced by the adrenal glands. This condition arises from various causes, including benign tumors of the pituitary gland (often referred to as Cushing's disease), adrenal tumors, or ectopic production of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from other tumors in the body.

The hallmark of Cushing's Syndrome is the resulting characteristics due to elevated cortisol levels, which can include weight gain, particularly in the abdominal area, thinning of the skin, easy bruising, high blood pressure, and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, individuals may experience mood changes and increased fat deposits in the face, often described as a "moon face."

In contrast, other conditions mentioned relate to different hormonal imbalances. Acromegaly is caused by excess growth hormone, hyperthyroidism involves an overproduction of thyroid hormones, and Addison's Disease is characterized by insufficient production of cortisol and other adrenal hormones. This distinction highlights the unique nature of Cushing's Syndrome in relation to cortisol levels.