Which condition is characterized by the formation of multiple cysts in the ovaries?

The condition characterized by the formation of multiple cysts in the ovaries is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age and is marked by irregular menstrual cycles, excessive androgen levels, and the presence of multiple cysts on the ovaries as seen through ultrasound imaging. These cysts are immature follicles that fail to mature and release eggs properly, leading to anovulation and other metabolic complications.

In contrast, ovarian cancer involves abnormal cell growth and tumors, which may not necessarily present as cystic formations on the ovaries. Endometriosis involves the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, causing pain and potentially affecting the ovaries, but it does not primarily feature cyst formation as a defining characteristic. Menopause, on the other hand, is the cessation of menstrual periods due to decreased ovarian function and does not involve the presence of ovarian cysts. Thus, the defining feature of multiple cyst formation is most accurately attributed to PCOS.