Which condition results from excess growth hormone secretion after the epiphyseal plates have closed?

The correct answer is acromegaly, which occurs when there is an excess secretion of growth hormone after the epiphyseal plates have closed. This condition is characterized by the abnormal growth of bones and tissues, particularly in the hands, feet, and face. Unlike gigantism, which affects individuals when their growth plates are still open (leading to increased height), acromegaly presents with a thickening of bony structures and enlargement of soft tissues in adulthood.

In acromegaly, the increased levels of growth hormone lead to various complications, including cardiovascular issues, diabetes, hypertension, and increased risk of certain cancers. The closure of the epiphyseal plates means that the individual cannot grow taller, but the excess growth hormone continues to exert its effects on tissues and bones, resulting in the distinctive changes associated with this condition. The symptoms often develop slowly over time, which can sometimes delay diagnosis until they become more pronounced.

Understanding this concept emphasizes the differences in growth patterns and hormonal effects on the body depending on the developmental stage and the status of growth plates.