Which gland is known as the "master gland" of the endocrine system?

The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" of the endocrine system because it plays a crucial role in regulating the activities of many other glands in the body. It is situated at the base of the brain and is responsible for producing and secreting a variety of hormones that influence growth, metabolism, and reproductive processes. For instance, it releases hormones like growth hormone, which is key for growth and development, as well as thyroid-stimulating hormone, which regulates the thyroid gland's function.

Additionally, the pituitary gland controls the adrenal glands through the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), impacting the body's stress response. It also influences the ovaries and testes, thereby regulating sexual development and function. This central role in governing the endocrine system's functions highlights why the pituitary gland is considered the master gland, coordinating the hormonal activities of other endocrine glands to maintain homeostasis in the body.