Which hormone is produced by the adrenal glands and plays a vital role in metabolism?

The hormone produced by the adrenal glands that plays a vital role in metabolism is cortisol. Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is part of the body's stress response system and is crucial for metabolic regulation. It helps to increase blood sugar levels through gluconeogenesis, which is the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources. In addition to its role in glucose metabolism, cortisol also influences the metabolism of fats and proteins and helps regulate blood pressure, immune response, and inflammation.

Cortisol acts on multiple tissues in the body, promoting the breakdown of fat and protein to provide energy during times of stress or fasting. It is essential for maintaining energy balance and responding to stressful situations by ensuring that adequate glucose is available for cellular metabolism. Thus, its secretion and levels are critical for everyday metabolism and overall physiological function.